Lesson 03:

                               Early Verbs - The Seeds of a Language

 

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Farsi texts in Persik

 

 

      Persian is a very old language. It is a branch of what are now know as “Indo-European” languages. The verbs of   this language are created from two sources or roots: Imperatives and Simple Past Tenses.

 

      The Imperative source

      The simplest and most basic words in this language are those that are used to ask or order some one to do a certain job

      or action. The negative form is made by adding a “na” at the beginning.

      Let’s look at some of them:

 

  One Syllables Old form Meaning New form Negative Notes
    Aa! Come! Be-aa! Na-aa Changed into "be-y-aa" and "na-y-aa"
    Bin! See! Be-bin! Na-bin!  
    Bar! Take! Be-bar!    
    Cin! Cut! Be-cin!    
    Daar! Keep! Be-daar!    
    Do! Run! Be-do!    
    Gu! Say! Be-gu!    
    Ist! Stop! Be-ist!    
    Kesh! Pull / Draw Be-kesh    
    Kon! Do! Be-kon!    
    Nush! Drink! Be-nush!    
    Oft! Fall! Be-oft   "be-y-oft" and na-y-oft"
    Ppaa! Watch! Be-ppaa!    
    Ro! Go! Be-ro!    
    Riz! Pour! Be-riz!    
    Saaz! Build! Be-saaz!    
    Shin! Sit! Be-shin    
    Sho! Embark! Be-sho!    
    Shu! Wash! Be-shu!    
    Xor! Eat! Be-xor!    
    Xaab! Sleep! Be-xaab!    
    Xaan! Read / Sing! Be-xaan!    
    Xand! Laugh! Be-xand!    
    Zan! Strike! Be-zan!    
  Two syllables:          
 
    Negar! Look! Be-negar!    
    Negaar! Draw! Be-negaar!    
    Nevis! Write! Be-nevis!    
    Sheno! Listen! Be-shno!    

 

      The Past Participles Source

      Another primitive, but more developed, source of Persian words is the third person past participle, i.e., reporting              

      about  the deeds of a third party in the past. Please note that all the roots have either D or T at the end. Let’s examine

      the same words in this tense:

  Imperative Past Participle Meaning (He/She/It)
  Or first root Second root  
  Aa! Aamad Came
  Bin! Did Saw
  Bar! Bord Took
  Cin! Cid Cut
  Bor! Borid Cut
  Daar! Daasht Kept
  Do! David Ran
  Gu! Goft Said
  Ist! Istaad Stopped
  Kesh! Keshid Pull / Drew
  Kon! Kard did
  Negaar! Negaasht Drew
  Nevis! Nevesht Wrote
  Nush! Nushid Drank
  Oft! Oftaad Fell
  Ppaa! Paa’id Watched
  Ro! Raft Went
  Riz! Rixt Poured
  Saaz! Saaxt Built
  Sheno! Shenid Listened
  Shin! Neshast Sat
  Sho! Shod Embarked
  Shu! Shost Washed
  Xor! Xord Ate
  Xaab! Xaabid Slept
  Xaan! Xaand Read / Sang
  Xand! Xandid Laughed
  Zan! Zad Hit

 

 

 

 

Home

Introduction

Lesson 01

Lesson 02

Lesson 03

Lesson 04

Lesson 05

Lesson 06

Lesson 07

Lesson 08

Lesson 09

Lesson 10

Farsi texts in Persik